(1 Center of Scitech Archaeology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,CAS, Shanghai 201800, China) (2 Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology of Henan, Zhengzhou 450000, China) (3 Luoyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics, Luoyang 471000, China) (4 Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology of Nanyang, Nanyang 473000, China)
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DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2012.11.02
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Abstract:
To trace the technological origin, development and chemical composition system, in the present research, a total of 26 glass artifacts and 1 glazed pottery of the Han Dynasty were analyzed non destructively by means of external beam proton induced X ray emission (PIXE) and portable energy dispersive X ray fluorescence (p XRF) spectroscopy. These ancient glass artifacts dated from the Eastern Zhou to the Song Dynasty were unearthed from Xinzheng, Nanyang, Xingyang, Luoyang and other cities in Henan province. It is found that the chemical composition systems of these glass artifacts showed some different characteristics in different historic periods. During the Eastern Zhou, there were Na2OCaO SiO2 and PbO BaO SiO2 glasses. PbOBaOSiO2, PbOSiO2 and K2OCaOSiO2 glasses were found in the Han Dynasty. While in the Tang and Song Dynasties, both Na2OCaOSiO2 and PbOK2OSiO2 glasses were identified. Among them, the Na2OCaOSiO2 glasses were imported from the West and the others were native products of China. The main fluxes used in these ancient glasses were lost with different amount depending on the level of the surface weather. The versatile colors of these glasses were related to different transition metal elements. The results obtained provided some new clues to trace the early glasses trade and technical exchanges between China and abroad, and also to understand the origin and development of ancient Chinese glasses.