State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi’an 710016, China
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DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2014.09.06
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Abstract:
Porous titanium has evolved into an important class of metallic materials and is the material of choice for many industrial applications, and the R&D activities on porous titanium have shown a strong uptrend in recent years. This paper begins by providing a brief review of the history of porous titanium and then discusses the preparation processes and characteristics of porous titanium materials. The permeability, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of porous titanium are reviewed subsequently, followed by selected examples of their commercial applications. The properties of porous titanium are mainly determined by the pore structure. Using different techniques, porous titanium can be produced to have uniform, bimodal, gradient, honeycomb or closed pore structures with different pore morphologies. In addition, similar to the fabrication of dense titanium materials, the interstitial impurities (O, N and C) in porous titanium should be strictly controlled for both desired mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing or 3D metal printing provides a powerful platform for the design and fabrication of novel porous titanium structures compared to conventional powder metallurgy. Future developments of porous titanium will continue to be driven by applications but the new design freedom offered by additive manufacturing is expected to play an increasingly important role.