Solidification and Stabilization (S/S) is one of main technologies on the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil, to strengthen the concept of environmental materials is more important in research and development of stabilization materials. Environmental materials are essential for human beings with the lowest environmental load and the highest functional capacity, the materials have three areas of characteristics, such as functional, environmentally friendly and economical. The point pollution of heavy metals in farmland soil in our country reached 19.1%. There are a lot of treatment options which include physical technology, chemical technology, biotechnology and engineering technology. Chemical technology consists of leaching and stabilization and more than 70% applied technology of the soil heavy metal pollution control was choosing the latter. The types of environmental materials for solidification and stabilization can be classified into inorganic materials, organic materials and redox materials. The application of environmental materials should be adopted according to the combination of influencing factors such as the category of heavy metals and their pollution levels, remediation targets, local soil quality, climate and socio-economic conditions, and integrated with biotechnology and engineering technology. This paper combines the research progress of soil heavy metal mobilization stabilization at home and abroad, summarizes the mechanism of environmental material activity for soil heavy metal pollution control, which mainly includes precipitation, adsorption, coordination, organic complexation and redox reaction, etc.. By above reaction process, it will change the existing and chemical form of heavy metals in soil, reduces their migration and bioavailability. This article puts forward the basic research framework of soil heavy metal pollution control based on the systematization of study on Mobilization and Stabilization of Heavy Metals in soils. It includes five aspects which are materials and heavy metals, materials - soil - heavy metals, materials - soil - plant - heavy metals, materials - field - crop - heavy metals, as well as the comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal management. This is the basis for the combination of promoting the basic research and application research of environmental materials.