Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafine fiber filter materials, coated with nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) particles, were prepared by electrospinning using a polyester nonwoven fabric as base substrate. The effect of solution concentration on the morphology of the PVDF electrospunfibers and the filtration performance of PVDF/ZIF-8 composite filter materials with different grammage of nanofiber composite membranes were systematically studied. Results show that ZIF8 can significantly reduce the diameter of PVDF/ZIF-8 composite fibers with a minimum average diameter of （83±11）nm. Under optimal spinning conditions, filtration efficiency and pressure gradient of the fiber mat increase with increasing grammage of the nanofiber composite membranes. For a NaCl aerosol with a mass median diameter of 0.26 μm, the PVDF/ZIF8 composite fiber mats show filtration efficiencies of 95.9% and 99.5% at pressure gradients of 47.6 and 111.1 Pa, respectively. The combination of ZIF-8 and PVDF nanofibers forms an ultrafine fiber composite mat, which provides a new approach for the development of lightweight and energy-saving filter materials.