Refractories serve for many fields such as national economy and defence construction, which are the irreplaceable basic materials in high temperature industries such as metallurgy, building materials, environmental protection, energy, chemical engineering and so on. With the construction and development of the country, more and more attention has been paid to the research, development and production of high quality clean steel. Refractories directly participate in the steel smelting process, which not only is an important guarantee for the safe and efficient production of steel, but also has a significant impact on the quality of steel. The reaction between refractories used in steel smelting and molten steel will seriously change the content of carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and alloy elements in steel, which can not only adsorb and remove inclusions, but also produce inclusions. It is one of the main sources of non-metallic inclusions in steel. The reaction mechanism between refractories of different compositions and molten steel and its effect on steel quality are described in this paper. The results show that the composition of interfacial reaction layer between refractories and molten steel with different alloys is quite different. Ladle glaze is also the main source of inclusions in steel. The formation of high melting point and high viscosity interfacial layer can effectively inhibit the further steel penetration and corrosion to the refractories. Dynamic smelting conditions will aggravate the damage of refractories and increase inclusions in steel, and the dynamic steel corrosion mechanism on refractories is as follows. The molten steel penetrates the refractory and reacts to form a liquid layer. Then the layer will emulsify with the flowing steel, and the steel continue to react with the new interface of the refractory. This process leads to continuous corrosion of the refractory and contamination of the steel. Moreover, the interaction mechanism between refractories and molten steel (high-entropy alloy) under the external and self-generated electromagnetic field needs to be further studied, and modeling of refractories combined with big data technologies is a promising approach, which can provide guidance for the production of highquality steel and the development of refractories genetic engineering.