（1Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China）（2National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, China）
The missing teeth is a common oral problem, which affects the patient’s aesthetics and their physical and psychological status. In addition, the loss of teeth also affect the function of alveolar bone, reduces the ability of alveolar bone metabolism and accelerates the absorption and reconstruction of alveolar ridge. The implant denture can restore the patient’s chewing function and improve the patient’s quality of life, which has been widely used and developed in clinical practice. Therefore, the implant restoration has become one of the effective repair methods for patients with dentition defect and dentition loss. Furthermore, dental implants have become the preferred method for dental restoration because of their aesthetics, stability, and no need to polish adjacent teeth. Because the actual situation of the oral cavity is complicated, there are high requirements for antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of dental implants. In order to achieve the ultimate goal of good clinical results, a variety of dental implant materials and surface processing techniques have been developed. This article summarizes the materials, physical and chemical modification and coating technology of dental implants, and provides reference for later research and clinical application.