Semiconductor lighting based light-emitting diode (LED), with its remarkable features of high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety, is an effective choice to achieve energy-saving and emission reduction, which represents the development direction of lighting devices. The encapsulation material is a key supporting material for the semiconductor lighting device, not only needs to isolate water and oxygen to protect the chip but also needs to have high light transmittance and high refractive index to improve the light extraction efficiency of the LED lighting device. The high refractive index inorganic nanoparticles are combined with the organic resin to improve the light extraction efficiency of the LED device, thereby enhancing the energy-saving effect of the semiconductor lighting device. The above-mentioned solution is the focus of current research and development of LED lighting devices. This paper introduces the application of organic-inorganic nanocomposites in LED encapsulation materials and focuses on the research progress of high refractive index organic-inorganic composite packaging materials in recent years. At the same time, combined with the work basis of our group, the problems of high refractive index encapsulation materials are analyzed and the future development direction of the encapsulation industry is prospected.