(1.State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China) (2.Shanghai Aerospace and Chemical Applications Institute, Huzhou 313000, China )
With the development of the aerospace industry in various countries, long period flight, bringing about the non-negligible thermal protection problem, which makes it significant to develop advanced thermal protection materials to cope with the harsh flight environment. Since the 1950s, resin-based thermal protection materials have been applied to various types of missiles and rockets in the United States and the former Soviet Union due to their high charring ratio, excellent performance of thermal protection and low cost. The research status of the low-density resin-based thermal protection materials has been systematically summarized. Three major lightweight strategies, including adding hollow microspheres, developing porous structures and designing 3D woven fiber preforms are introduced. Besides, the design concept of gradually evolving from uniform low density materials to gradient materials is introduced and the development trend of low-density resin-based heat-resistant materials is prospected.