Tumor growth and metastasis is highly dependent on tumor blood vessels, and tumor blood vessel system is an important component of tumor microenvironment. Tumor vasculature blockade therapy, which mainly consists of angiogenesis inhibition, vascular disruption and vascular infarction, is an attractive therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. However, its clinical application is limited due to low selectivity, drug resistance and harsh side effects. Development of nanocarriers for drug delivery in recent years provides possibility to avoid these problems. Besides, because of the importance of tumor blood vessels in drug delivery, the vascular permeability regulation or vasculature normalization has become an important paradigm to improve intratumoral delivery and penetration of the drugs as well as subsequent antitumor efficacy. Herein, we summarize the advances of nanoparticle-mediated vessel blockade in tumor treatment and highlight the advantages of nanomedicines in tumor vessel targeted therapy. We also review the progress on tumor vascular modulation by nanodrugs to enhance drug accumulation, and propose the potential research direction of nanomedicines in tumor vessels-based therapy.