Cobalt-sulfur alloy has been widely concerned in the field of new energy as an excellent anode material of nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries. However, the electrochemical performance is adversely affected by particles aggregation and volume change during the charging and discharging process, which limits its practical application. It is of great significance to develop a cobalt-sulfur composite with excellent electrochemical performance, low cost and simple preparation process. In this paper, Co9S8 was taken as the research object. Carbon nanofibers loaded with cobalt nanoparticles of different contents (xCo/CNF) were prepared by electrospinning and annealing process, and then being doped into Co9S8 alloy by high energy-ball milling method to obtain a series of Co9S8+xCo/CNF composites. The phases and surface morphologies of the composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the discharge capacity, electrochemical performance, kinetic properties and anti-corrosive performance of the composites were tested. The results showed that when the Co9S8+1.2Co/CNF was added, the discharge capacity of the composite was the highest (566.2 mAh·g-1). In addition, the composite electrode showed excellent high rate discharge ability, corrosion resistance and good kinetic properties.