Thermoelectric energy conversion technology is a clean energy technology, enabling a direct energy conversion between heat and electricity using the charge carrier movement inside the material. The conversion efficiency mainly depends on the performance of thermoelectric material and thus the transport properties of carriers. Therefore, manipulation of both electrical and thermal transport properties for enhancing thermoelectric performance is the key. In terms of electronic transport, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are strongly coupled with each, leaving a key challenge to decouple these parameters for increasing power factor. In this review, starting with the Boltzmann transport equation, electronic transport behavior and its manipulation will be elaborated from three aspects which determines electronic transport (the density of states, electron velocity, and relaxation time), and the relevant researches will be summarized. In addition, recent studies focusing on simplification of existing transport models will be discussed. Finally, the prospect and expectation for the further development of electronic transport manipulation in thermoelectrics will be put forward.