1. Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Revealing the failure mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for analyzing the characteristics of spent lithium-ion battery materials，which could provide theoretical support for selecting the most cost-effective and efficient recycling path based on material-specific strategies, forming an important foundation for constructing a multi-strategy cascade recycling technology system. This paper reviews the current research findings on the failure mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries, categorizes and explores the key factors contributing to safety and performance failures, investigates the structural and compositional changes of spent lithium-ion materials in relation to their failure mechanisms, and analyzes corresponding recycling strategies based on spent lithium-ion battery materials-failure characteristics. Based on the failure characteristics of materials, discusses the corresponding recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries. Finally, proposes a working hypothesis for the construction of a multi-strategy collaborative recycling technology system for spent lithium-ion batteries that feeds back between failure mechanisms and recycling strategies.