Aero-engine turbine blade is the core component of the aircraft power system, and the material selection of the turbine blade is related to the thrust, fuel efficiency and reliability of the aero-engine, which directly affects the performance and safety of the aircraft. Compared with traditional manufacturing technologies, laser additive manufacturing technology has significant advantages in terms of design freedom, manufacturing cost, weight and mechanical properties, and can be applied to the manufacture and production of turbine blade materials. In this paper, the development history of aero-engine turbine blade materials is reviewed. The service conditions and environment of turbine blades are summarized. The application status of nickel-based superalloys, TiAl alloys and ceramic matrix composites in engine turbine blades is analyzed. The latest research progress of laser additive manufacturing technology in turbine blade materials is discussed. The future research directions of turbine blade materials are prospected, including the continuous improvement of material properties, the in-depth application of laser additive manufacturing technology, the development of new materials, the optimization of cost-effectiveness, and the whole life cycle management.