Titanium has the characteristics of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and non-magnetic properties, especially good resistance to seawater and marine atmospheric corrosion. It is an ideal material for marine engineering and is known as the “marine metal”. China began developing titanium alloys for ships in the 1960s, forming titanium alloy grades with different strength levels. The research and application of titanium materials for energy extraction equipment started relatively late and is still in its infancy at present. With the proposal of maritime power strategy, the country’s marine development is advancing from shallow to deep and distant seas, further highlighting the advantages of titanium and titanium alloys in marine engineering applications. This article introduces the current research status of titanium alloy materials used in the field of marine engineering in China from two aspects: titanium alloys for ships and titanium alloys for energy equipment. It briefly describes the research progress in the manufacturing of large-sized titanium alloy ingots and components, low-cost production techniques, and the preparation technology of seamless tubes for energy extraction equipment. The main existing problems at present are also proposed, with the expectation of providing references for research on the preparation technology of titanium alloy materials and their components for ships and energy equipment.