文章信息/Info

Title:

The Application of Soft Matter in the Protection of Cultural Heritage

作者:

和玲; 梁軍艷; 王娜; 屈佳

（西安交通大學(xué)理學(xué)院 化學(xué)系，陜西 西安 710049）

Author(s):

HE Ling;  LIANG Junyan;  WANG Na;  QU Jia

(Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi�餫n Jiaotong University, Xi�餫n 710049, China)

關(guān)鍵詞:

軟物質(zhì); 文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù); 保護(hù)性能; 評價方法

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2012.11.04

摘要:

近年來，聚合物（Polymers）、微乳液（Microemulsion）、膠束（Micelles）、凝膠（Gels）和無機(jī)納米膠體粒子（Inorganic Colloidal Nanoparticles）等被稱為軟物質(zhì)（Soft Matter）的材料廣泛應(yīng)用于文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的領(lǐng)域，之所以被稱為軟物質(zhì)，是相對于人類最初使用的硬物質(zhì)(Hard Matter)材料（如構(gòu)成文物的磚石、土、陶、彩繪、玻璃、金屬、骨質(zhì)等）而言。隨著材料科學(xué)的飛速進(jìn)展，軟物質(zhì)因在磚石、土、陶、彩繪、玻璃、金屬、骨質(zhì)等各類硬物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)與加固或修復(fù)方面取得了良好的保護(hù)效果而受到關(guān)注。作為保護(hù)材料應(yīng)用的軟物質(zhì)，其應(yīng)用的安全性、有效性和持久性是實(shí)現(xiàn)文化遺產(chǎn)科學(xué)保護(hù)的前提，而系統(tǒng)、合理、客觀的評價方法可使其有效地避免“保護(hù)性破壞”的發(fā)生。就目前文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中涉及的主要軟物質(zhì)的特性、發(fā)展前景，以及軟物質(zhì)在吸水性、水蒸氣滲透性、表面性能、力學(xué)性能、滲透性及耐老化性能等方面的評價方法進(jìn)行了介紹。同時，受軟物質(zhì)和納米材料特殊理化性質(zhì)的啟發(fā)，還對軟物質(zhì)材料用于壁畫的清洗和加固保護(hù)方面所取得的重要進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了介紹。

Abstract:

The soft matter materials used in the conservation of cultural relics can be classed as the synthetic polymers, microemulsion, micelles, gels and inorganic colloidal nanoparticles. As protective materials, the soft matter should ensure maximum security, efficiency and durability. Meanwhile, the unexpected damage to cultural heritage should be avoided as much as possible by systematic, rational, objective methods for performance evaluation. This paper summarized the characteristic and application prospect for the soft matter of polymers, microemulsions, micelles and colloidal particles which are widely used for the protection, restoration and consolidation. Moreover, the evaluation methods for protective performance are also presented in terms of the water absorption, water vapor permeability, surface properties, mechanical properties, penetration and age resistance. Meanwhile, inspired by the special physical and chemical properties of soft matter and nanomaterials, a new challenge for soft matter used as the cleaning and consilidate materials of patinings is discussed.