文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress of Nickel�睟ase Single Crystal Superalloys

作者:

孫曉峰; 金濤; 周亦胄; 胡壯麒

（中國科學院金屬研究所，遼寧 沈陽 110016）

Author(s):

SUN Xiaofeng;  JIN Tao;  ZHOU Yizhou;  HU Zhuangqi

(Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)

關鍵詞:

單晶高溫合金; 強化機理; 定向凝固; 各向異性

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2012.12.01

摘要:

單晶高溫合金因具有較高的高溫強度、優異的蠕變與疲勞抗力以及良好的抗氧化性、抗熱腐蝕性、組織穩定性和使用可靠性，廣泛應用于渦輪發動機等先進動力推進系統渦輪葉片等部件。由于采用定向凝固工藝消除了晶界，單晶高溫合金明顯減少了降低熔點的晶界強化元素，提高了合金的初熔溫度，能夠在較高溫度范圍進行固溶和時效處理，其高溫強度比等軸晶和定向柱晶高溫合金也大幅度提高。經過幾十年的發展，單晶高溫合金已經在合金設計方法、組織結構與力學性能關系、純凈化冶煉工藝和定向凝固工藝等方面取得了重要進展。從單晶高溫合金成分特點、合金元素作用、強化機理、力學性能各向異性、凝固過程及缺陷控制、單晶制備工藝等方面，簡要介紹了單晶高溫合金的主要研究進展。

Abstract:

Single crystal superalloys have been widely used to make turbine blades and guide vanes for aero�瞖ngines and industrial gas turbines because of improved strength, creep�瞨upture, fatigue, oxidation and hot corrosion properties as well as stable microstructure and reliability at high temperature environments. After removal of grain boundary by using directional solidification technique, grain boundary elements that decrease the incipient melting temperature were reduced remarkably in single crystal superalloys. Consequently, the solution and aging treatment of single crystal superalloys can be done at higher temperature due to the enhanced incipient melting temperature, and then the high temperature strength of single crystal superalloys is higher than that of equiaxed and directionally solidified superalloys. There were great progresses on approach of alloy design, relationship between structure and mechanical performances, process of pure smelting and directional solidification in the last decades. The present work reviews these progresses from compositions of alloys, role of elements, mechanism of strengthening, anisotropy of mechanical properties, procedure of solidification, control of defects and processing of single crystal superalloys.��