參考文獻/References:

References
[1] Gruskin E, Doll BA, Futrell FW, et al. Demineralized bone matrix in bone repair: History and use [J]. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2012,64(12):1063-1077.
[2] Geetha M, Singh A, Asokamani R, et al. Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants朼 review [J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2009,54(3):397-425.
[3] Bohner M. Resorbable biomaterials as bone graft substitutes [J]. Materials Today, 2010,13(1?):24-30.
[4] Zandonella C. Tissue engineering: The beat goes on [J]. Nature, 2003,421(6926):884-886.
[5] Hubbell JA. Biomaterials in tissue engineering [J]. Nature Biotechnology, 1995,13(6):565-576.
[6] Boden SD. Bioactive factors for bone tissue engineering [J]. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1999, 367(S84-S94）.
[7] Bianco P, Robey PG. Stem cells in tissue engineering [J]. Nature, 2001,414(6859):118-121.
[8] Crane GM, Ishaug SL, Mikos AG. Bone tissue engineering [J]. Nature Medicine, 1995,1(12):1322-1324.
[9] Lutolf M, Hubbell J. Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering [J]. Nature biotechnology, 2005, 23(1):47-55.
[10] Hollister SJ. Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering [J]. Nature materials, 2005,4(7):518-524.
[11] Lutolf MP, Weber FE, Schmoekel HG, et al. Repair of bone defects using synthetic mimetics of collagenous extracellular matrices [J]. Nature biotechnology, 2003,21(5):513-518.
[12] Gentleman E, Swain RJ, Evans ND, et al. Comparative materials differences revealed in engineered bone as a function of cell-specific differentiation [J]. Nature materials, 2009,8(9):763-770.
[13] Holzwarth JM, Ma PX. Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2011,32(36):9622-9629.
[14] Jang J-H, Castano O, Kim H-W. Electrospun materials as potential platforms for bone tissue engineering [J]. Advanced drug delivery reviews,2009,61(12):1065-1083.
[15] Ma PX. Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering [J]. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2008,60(2):184-198.
[16] Holzwarth JM, Ma PX. 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011,21(28):10243-10251.
[17] Zhong S, Zhang Y, Lim CT. Fabrication of large pores in electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for cellular infiltration: A review [J]. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 2011, 18(2):77-87.
[18] Blakeney BA, Tambralli A, Anderson JM, et al. Cell infiltration and growth in a low density, uncompressed three-dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffold [J]. Biomaterials, 2011,32(6):1583-1590.
[19] Li WJ, Laurencin CT, Caterson EJ, et al. Electrospun nanofibrous structure: A novel scaffold for tissue engineering [J]. Journal of biomedical materials research, 2002,60(4):613-621.
[20] Yang F, Murugan R, Wang S, et al. Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly (l-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2005,26(15):2603-2610.
[21] Park KE, Kang HK, Lee SJ, et al. Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds: Preparation and characterization of PGA/ chitin blend nanofibers [J]. Biomacromolecules, 2006,7(2):635-643.
[22] Li W-J, Tuli R, Huang X, et al. Multilineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold [J]. Biomaterials, 2005,26(25):5158-5166.
[23] Shih YRV, Chen CN, Tsai SW, et al. Growth of mesenchymal stem cells on electrospun type I collagen nanofibers [J]. Stem Cells, 2006,24(11):2391-2397.
[24] Li M, Mondrinos MJ, Gandhi MR, et al. Electrospun protein fibers as matrices for tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2005,26(30):5999-6008.
[25] Yang D, Jin Y, Zhou Y, et al. In situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun chitosan‐based nanofibrous scaffolds [J]. Macromolecular bioscience, 2008,8(3):239-246.
[26] Bhattarai N, Li Z, Edmondson D, et al. Alginate‐based nanofibrous scaffolds: Structural, mechanical, and biological properties [J]. Advanced Materials, 2006, 18(11):1463-1467.
[27] Li C, Vepari C, Jin H-J, et al. Electrospun silk-BMP-2 scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2006,27(16):3115-3124.
[28] Li M, Mondrinos MJ, Chen X, et al. Co‐electrospun poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide), gelatin, and elastin blends for tissue engineering scaffolds [J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2006,79(4):963-973.
[29] Jose MV, Thomas V, Dean DR, et al. Fabrication and characterization of aligned nanofibrous PLGA/collagen blends as bone tissue scaffolds [J]. Polymer, 2009, 50(15):3778-3785.
[30] Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, et al. Electrospun poly (?-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2008,29(34):4532-4539.
[31] Malheiro VN, Caridade SG, Alves NM, et al. New poly (ε-caprolactone)/chitosan blend fibers for tissue engineering applications [J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2010,6(2):418-428.
[32] Zhang Y, Venugopal JR, El-Turki A, et al. Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite /chitosan for bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2008,29(32):4314-4322.
[33] Fujihara K, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S. Guided bone regeneration membrane made of polycaprolactone/ calcium carbonate composite nano-fibers [J]. Biomaterials, 2005,26(19):4139-4147.
[34] Pirzada T, Arvidson SA, Saquing CD, et al. Hybrid silica–pva nanofibers via sol–gel electrospinning [J]. Langmuir, 2012,28(13):5834-5844.
[35] Schofer MD, Roessler PP, Schaefer J, et al. Electrospun plla nanofiber scaffolds and their use in combination with bmp-2 for reconstruction of bone defects [J]. PLoS One, 2011,6(9): 25462.
[36] Woo KM, Chen VJ, Jung H-M, et al. Comparative evaluation of nanofibrous scaffolding for bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects [J]. Tissue Engineering Part A, 2009,15(8):2155-2162.
[37] Liang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B. Functional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications [J]. Advanced drug delivery reviews,2007,59(14):1392-1412.
[38] Zhang R and Ma PX. Poly((-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone tissue engineering: 1. Preparation and morphology. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1999, 44(4):446-455.
[39] Nam YS, Park TG. Porous biodegradable polymeric scaffolds prepared by thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of biomedical materials research, 1999,47(1):8-17.
[40] Smith L, Ma P. Nano-fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering [J]. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces, 2004,39(3):125-131.
[41] Ma PX. Scaffolds for tissue fabrication [J]. Materials today, 2004,7(5):30-40.
[42] Smith LA, Liu X, Ma PX. Tissue engineering with nano-fibrous scaffolds [J]. Soft Matter, 2008, 4(11):2144-2149.
[43] Ma PX, Choi J-W. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds with well-defined interconnected spherical pore network [J]. Tissue Engineering, 2001,7(1):23-33.
[44] Liu X, Ma PX. Phase separation, pore structure, and properties of nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds [J]. Biomaterials, 2009,30(25):4094.
[45] Liu X, Ma PX. The nanofibrous architecture of poly (l-lactic acid)-based functional copolymers [J]. Biomaterials, 2010,31(2):259-269.
[46] Liu X, Jin X, Ma PX. Nanofibrous hollow microspheres self-assembled from star-shaped polymers as injectable cell carriers for knee repair [J]. Nature materials, 2011,10(5):398-406.
[47] Wei G, Ma PX. Macroporous and nanofibrous polymer scaffolds and polymer/bone-like apatite composite scaffolds generated by sugar spheres [J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2006, 78(2):306-315.
[48] Lei B, Shin K-H, Noh D-Y, et al. Nanofibrous gelatin–silica hybrid scaffolds mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ecm) using thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012,22(28):14133-14140.
[49] Liu X, Smith LA, Hu J, et al. Biomimetic nanofibrous gelatin/apatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2009,30(12):2252-2258.
[50] He C, Xiao G, Jin X, et al. Electrodeposition on nanofibrous polymer scaffolds: Rapid mineralization, tunable calcium phosphate composition and topography [J]. Advanced functional materials, 2010,20 (20): 3568-3576.
[51] He C, Zhang F, Cao L, et al. Rapid mineralization of porous gelatin scaffolds by electrodeposition for bone tissue engineering [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012,22(5):2111-2119.
[52] Yoshimoto H, Shin Y, Terai H, et al. A biodegradable nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning and its potential for bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomaterials, 2003,24(12):2077-2082.
[53] Woo KM, Chen VJ, Ma PX. Nano-fibrous scaffolding architecture selectively enhances protein adsorption contributing to cell attachment [J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2003, 67(2):531-537.
[54] Binulal N, Deepthy M, Selvamurugan N, et al. Role of nanofibrous poly (caprolactone) scaffolds in human mesenchymal stem cell attachment and spreading for in vitro bone tissue engineering—response to osteogenic regulators [J]. Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010, 16(2) :393-404.
[55] Wang J, Ma H, Jin X, et al. The effect of scaffold architecture on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells [J]. Biomaterials, 2011,32(31):7822-7830.
[56] Seong JM, Kim B-C, Park J-H, et al. Stem cells in bone tissue engineering [J]. Biomedical Materials, 2010, 5(6):062001.
[57] Hu J, Feng K, Liu X, et al. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiations of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a nanofibrous scaffold with designed pore network [J]. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(28):5061-5067.
[58] Xin X, Hussain M, Mao JJ. Continuing differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and induced chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffold [J]. Biomaterials, 2007, 28(2) :316-325.
[59] Smith LA, Liu X, Hu J, et al. The influence of three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells [J]. Biomaterials, 2009,30(13):2516-2522.
[60] Kao C-L, Tai L-K, Chiou S-H, et al. Resveratrol promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against dexamethasone damage in murine induced pluripotent stem cells [J]. Stem cells and development, 2010, 19(2):247-258.
[61] Wei G, Jin Q, Giannobile WV, et al. The enhancement of osteogenesis by nano-fibrous scaffolds incorporating rhBMP-7 nanospheres [J]. Biomaterials, 2007, 28(12) :2087-2096.
[62] Cai YZ, Wang LL, Cai HX, et al. Electrospun nanofibrous matrix improves the regeneration of dense cortical bone [J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2010,95(1):49-57.
[63] Woo KM, Chen VJ, Jung H-M, et al. Comparative evaluation of nanofibrous scaffolding for bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects [J]. Tissue Engineering Part A, 2009,15(8):2155-2162.
[64] Liu H, Peng H, Wu Y, et al. The promotion of bone regeneration by nanofibrous hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds by effects on integrin-bmp/smad signaling pathway in bmscs [J]. Biomaterials, 2013, 34 (18) :4404-4417.