文章信息/Info

Title:

 Progress of Solidification principles and the applications

作者:

介萬奇

 西北工業大學材料學院，凝固技術國家重點實驗室

Author(s):

Jie Wanqi

 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University

關鍵詞:

 ; 凝固原理; 研究進展

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2014.06.01

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

 凝固原理是揭示液固相變過程基本規律的學科領域�；�于凝固原理的材料制備與成型加工技術即是凝固技術。凝固技術的應用目標包括鑄件的凝固，鑄錠的鑄造，以及各種金屬與非金屬材料的熔體法晶體生長。本文在綜述分析凝固技術應用背景的基礎上，討論了凝固原理和技術的發展現狀。歸納了不同材料加工技術所對應的凝固條件，指出不同加工工藝中凝固過程的差異僅在于對應的溫度梯度和冷卻速率的不同。進而從工程實踐的角度分析了凝固技術研究的前沿方向，指出多組元合金凝固原理，近快速凝固原理與技術，以及多層次凝固分析及其跨尺度耦合是凝固原理與技術研究的發展前沿。最后，分別探討了鑄件鑄造、鑄錠凝固以及熔體法晶體生長過程中的核心凝固問題與過程控制的原則。

Abstract:

The theories to describe the liquid to solid transformation behaviors are defined to be solidification principles. The materials processing technologies based on controlled liquid to solid transformation processing are solidification technologies. This review paper summarized the applications, including shape casting, ingot casting and crystal growth. The progress of solidification researches of both principles and technologies were then analyzed. The solidification conditions corresponding to different applications were summarized. It was pointed out that the variant solidification technologies can be defined according to the difference of temperature gradient and cooling rates. Furthermore, from the point view of practical applications, the research frontiers were discussed, which should be the solidification principles of multi-component alloys, near rapid solidification principles and technologies, and description of the solidification process in different scales and the correlation relationship among different scales. Finally, the solidification problems related to the shape castings, ingot casting, and melt growth of single crystals, were discussed.