文章信息/Info

Title:

High performance metal additive manufacturing technology applied in aviation field

作者:

林鑫;  黃衛(wèi)東

西北工業(yè)大學(xué)凝固技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室

Author(s):

LIN Xin;  HUANG Weidong

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University

關(guān)鍵詞:

增材制造; 航空; 金屬; 高性能

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2015.09.06

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

金屬高性能增材制造技術(shù)主要包含以激光立體成形技術(shù)為代表的同步送粉（送絲）高能束（激光、電子束、電弧等）熔覆技術(shù)和以選區(qū)激光熔化技術(shù)為代表的粉末床成形技術(shù)兩個(gè)技術(shù)方向，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜金屬構(gòu)件的無模具、快速、自由實(shí)體近凈成形，同時(shí)確保成形構(gòu)件的力學(xué)性能優(yōu)于鑄件，接近、甚至與鍛件相當(dāng)。這使得金屬高性能增材制造技術(shù)成為了航空高性能復(fù)雜構(gòu)件制造的重要技術(shù)途徑，也為提升先進(jìn)飛機(jī)和航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)效能，實(shí)現(xiàn)功能優(yōu)先的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)造了重要條件。本文評(píng)述了目前典型金屬增材制造技術(shù)的技術(shù)特征及其成形件的力學(xué)性能，并對(duì)目前國內(nèi)外金屬增材制造技術(shù)在航空領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了較為全面的分析，探討了金屬增材制造在航空領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用所存在的問題，并指出了目前航空領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用金屬增材制造所具有的主要效益。

Abstract:

High performance metal additive manufacturing(MAM) technology mainly includes the high energy beam (laser, electron beam, arc, etc.) cladding/melting methods with the synchronous powder or wire feeding, in which laser solid forming is as the representative, and powder bed fusion methods with laser or electron, in which selective laser melting is as the representative. Through metal additive manufacturing, the complex structural parts can be free-form near-net shaped rapidly without using the mold, meantime, the mechanical properties of the MAMed parts is superior to those of the cast, near, even equivalent to those of the wrought. These make MAM technology not only become an important manufacturing approach for high performance complex aviation component, but also be able to enhance the design effectiveness of advanced aircraft and aero engine, and realize the optimized design of aviation structural part based on the functional priority. In present work, the technical characteristics of typical MAM technology and the mechanical properties of typical MAMed parts were reviewed, and the current applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were analyzed, the problems for the applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were also discussed, finally, the major benefits for the applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were pointed out.