文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress on the Biological Process and Effect of Silver Nanoparticles

作者:

徐明; 王哲; 劉思金

中國科學院生態環境研究中心，環境化學與生態毒理學國家重點實驗室

Author(s):

Ming Xu; Zhe Wang; Sijin Liu

關鍵詞:

納米銀; 生物過程; 致死效應; 非致死效應; 環境健康風險

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2016.01.04

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

納米銀是目前全球產量和使用量最大的人工納米材料之一。由于其優良的抗菌等特性，納米銀應用范圍廣泛，與人們的生產、生活密切相關。隨著納米銀在工業品、醫療品和生活用品中日益廣泛的應用，其伴隨的環境與健康風險也日益受到人們的關注，并成為重要的研究熱點。近年來，關于納米銀的生物過程、生物效應及其相關分子作用機制的研究都取得重要進展，為全面地闡明納米銀的環境和生物安全性提供了重要的理論依據。為了更深入地理解納米銀暴露的環境健康危害，本文系統地總結了納米銀進入生物體的途徑以及在生物體內的組織分布；納米銀與生物分子的相互作用；納米銀進入細胞的途徑以及引發致死效應的毒性機制等方面的研究現狀和進展。此外，本文還闡述了納米銀的環境健康風險及其在低劑量暴露條件下引發生物體非致死效應的作用機制，并對未來可能的研究前景進行展望。

Abstract:

With the increasing development of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most largely produced and most widely used artificial nanomaterials in global markets. Due to their excellent antimicrobial activity, AgNPs have been applied in a wide spectrum of fields, including industry, medicine and consumer products. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the potential risks of AgNPs to environment and human health. Thus far, studies focusing on the safety of AgNPs have described the biological process of AgNPs in bodies, AgNPs-mediated effects and according molecular mechanisms. In this review, we systematically recapitulated recent findings on biological effects of AgNPs, including (1) general routs of AgNPs exposure to human bodies, as well as subsequent tissue distribution; (2) interactions with biological molecules of AgNPs in the body; (3) cellular uptake and mechanisms responsible for AgNPs-induced lethal effects. Moreover, we emphasized findings on environmental and health risks of AgNPs and corresponding mechanisms by which AgNPs exerted sublehtal effects under low concentrations. Additionally, we have a further outlook on the future studying in this field of AgNPs’ adverse effects.