文章信息/Info

Title:

Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Transitional Metal Nitride Nanostructures

作者:

高標1、黃超1、李慶偉2、吳凱1、張旭明1、霍開富2

(1耐火材料與冶金國家重點實驗室，武漢科技大學
（2武漢光電國家實驗室（籌），華中科技大學

Author(s):

Biao Gao1;  Chao Huang1;  Qingwei Li2;  Kai Wu1;  Xuming Zhang1;  Kaifu Huo2

(1 The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China)
(2 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

關鍵詞:

超級電容器; 電極材料; 過渡金屬氮化物; 復合材料; 柔性電極; 全固態器件; 儲能性能

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2016.07.10

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

超級電容器具有功率密度高、循環壽命長和安全性高的優點，在儲能領域有巨大的應用前景。如何設計和制備具有優異電容性能的電極材料和電極結構是制備高性能超級電容器的關鍵。過渡金屬氮化物（MxN，M=Ti, V, Mo, Nb, W）是一類具有開發潛力的優異電化學儲能材料。相比碳材料，過渡金屬氮化物具有更大的比電容，相比過渡金屬氧化物電極材料，過渡金屬氮化物表現出更為優異的倍率性能和快速充放電性能。本文介紹了幾種典型的過渡金屬氮化物儲能材料及其電容特性，利用金屬氮化物納米線高長徑比的特征，通過簡單真空抽濾的方法，制備了具有良好機械柔性的三維交織的納米線基薄膜紙電極，結合凝膠電解液，構建了高性能的柔性全固態超級電容器，最后對過渡金屬氮化物在超級電容器領域的發展提出了展望。

Abstract:

With growing concerns over fossil energy and ever-increasing environmental pollution, there is a strong and growing demand for the development of efficient energy-storage systems for applications in portable electric devices, smart grids and electric vehicles (EVs). Supercapacitor (SC), an emerging energy storage device that bridges the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries, has attracted increasing attentions due to its large power density, long-term operation stability as well as high safety. Electrode materials are the key components of SCs, largely determining the device performance. Transitional metal nitrides (MxN，M=Ti, V, Mo, Nb, W) are promising electrochemical electrode materials for SCs due to high conductivity and large specific capacitance. Compared to carbon electrodes such as carbon nanotube, graphene and active carbon, metal nitrides exhibit higher specific capacitance, especially much higher volumetric capacitance. Additionally, because of high conductivity like metal, transitional metal nitrides exhibit super rate performance and higher power density at high current density compared to metal oxide electrodes such as manganese oxides and nickel oxides.  This review summarizes the most recent progress in fabrication, morphology, capacitive properties and energy storage mechanism of several typical transitional metal nitride nanostructures. Flexible and bendable electrodes consisting of three dimensional intertwined metal nitride nanowires were fabricated by a simple vacuum filtration method and their outstanding electrochemical properties were reported. The flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor devices with high-energy storage properties were produced based on flexible electrodes of transitional metal nitride nanowires together with the gel-like electrolyte. Finally, the perspective of transitional metal nitrides for better energy storage devices is also discussed.