文章信息/Info

Title:

Metal Matrix Composites with Microstructural Architectures

作者:

郭強(qiáng)* ; 李志強(qiáng) ; 趙蕾;  李贊;  馮思文;  張荻*

（上海交通大學(xué)金屬基復(fù)合材料國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，

Author(s):

Guo Qiang *;  Li Zhiqiang;  Zhao Lei;  Li Zan;  Feng Siwen;  Zhang Di *

State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

關(guān)鍵詞:

金屬基復(fù)合材料; 構(gòu)型復(fù)合化; 強(qiáng)韌化; 顯微結(jié)構(gòu); 力學(xué)性能

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2016.09.01

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

復(fù)合化是金屬材料實(shí)現(xiàn)高性能化的有效途徑，但傳統(tǒng)的金屬基復(fù)合材料多以相與組織在空間的均勻分布為特征，沒有充分考慮到材料的復(fù)合構(gòu)型效應(yīng)，因此不能最大程度地發(fā)揮不同組分之間的協(xié)同、耦合和多功能響應(yīng)機(jī)制。近年來，國(guó)內(nèi)外的材料科學(xué)家逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到復(fù)合構(gòu)型(architecture)對(duì)于金屬基復(fù)合材料強(qiáng)韌化的重要作用，并進(jìn)行了一些探索研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)“非均勻”復(fù)合構(gòu)型更有利于發(fā)揮復(fù)合設(shè)計(jì)的自由度和復(fù)合材料中不同組元間的協(xié)同耦合效應(yīng)，從而發(fā)掘金屬基復(fù)合材料的性能潛力。本文首先綜述了金屬材料構(gòu)型復(fù)合化的研究進(jìn)展，進(jìn)而以復(fù)合構(gòu)型的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)為切入點(diǎn)，提出可以通過借鑒生物結(jié)構(gòu)材料中的精細(xì)復(fù)合構(gòu)型，來制備具有優(yōu)異綜合力學(xué)性能的金屬基復(fù)合材料。該研究理念在石墨烯-鋁(Al)，碳納米管-Al等材料體系中得到了驗(yàn)證，所制備出的復(fù)合材料具有良好的強(qiáng)度與塑性/韌性匹配。最后，本文展望了金屬材料構(gòu)型復(fù)合化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，指出可采用先進(jìn)的微納米尺度測(cè)量技術(shù)結(jié)合顯微結(jié)構(gòu)表征的方法，以準(zhǔn)確揭示非均勻復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的性能響應(yīng)機(jī)理，闡明其構(gòu)-效關(guān)系，為復(fù)合構(gòu)型的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與精確“剪裁”提供途徑與方法。

Abstract:

An effective way to improve the properties and performance of metallic materials is to form metal matrix composites (MMCs). However, traditional MMCs are characterized by a uniform spatial distribution of constituent phases and microstructures, which is unfavourable to fully take advantage of the synergistic, coupling, reinforcing effects, and multi-functional response mechanisms from the different phases of the composites. In recent years, materials scientists throughout the world have gradually realized the importance of microstructural architecture for the improvement of the overall mechanical properties of metal matrix composites, where studies show that nonuniform architectures are more favorable to take full advantage of the coupling effect of the constituent phases and subsequently realize their reinforcing potential for various properties of the composites. In this paper, the development of the architectured MMCs was reviewed first, and it was proposed that the delicate architectures in hard biological materials may inspire the design of advanced MMCs with superior properties. This concept has been verified in graphene-aluminum (Al) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-Al composite systems, where the composites were shown to have significantly enhanced mechanical properties than the unreinforced matrix materials, and have a balanced strength-ductility/toughness synergy. Before closing the discussion, this paper overviewed the perspective of architectured MMCs and proposed that, by using state-of-art micro-/nano-scaled characterization tools combined with site-specific microstructural analysis, the deformation mechanism and the? property-structure correlation can be pinpointed, leading to improved design and tailoring of architectured MMCs.