文章信息/Info

Title:

Preparation of Ceramic Materials Used for Selective Laser Sintering and Related Forming Methods

作者:

吳甲民; 陳安南; 劉夢(mèng)月; 劉凱; 程立金; 史玉升; 李晨輝; 朱小剛; 王聯(lián)鳳

1華中科技大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，材料成形與模具技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 湖北 武漢 430074
2深圳華中科技大學(xué)研究院 廣東 深圳 518057
3武漢理工大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 湖北 武漢 430070
4上海航天設(shè)備制造總廠 上海 200245）

Author(s):

WU Jia-Min;  CHEN An-Nan;  LIU Meng-Yue;  LIU Kai;  CHENG Li-Jin;  SHI Yu-Sheng;  LI Chen-Hui;  ZHU Xiao-Gang;  WANG Lian-Feng

1 State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
2 Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,
3 School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
4 Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer, Shanghai 200245, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

3D打印; 陶瓷材料; 激光選區(qū)燒結(jié); 冷等靜壓; 多孔陶瓷; 致密陶瓷

Keywords:

3D printing;  Ceramic materials;  Selective laser sintering;  Cold isostatic pressing;  Porous ceramics;  Dense ceramics

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2017.07.11

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)，3D打印技術(shù)在直接成型復(fù)雜形狀金屬和高分子零部件方面顯示出了巨大的優(yōu)越性。然而，3D打印技術(shù)在陶瓷零部件的成型方面尚存在諸多難題。為此，華中科技大學(xué)史玉升教授團(tuán)隊(duì)在3D打印陶瓷材料的制備及其成型技術(shù)方面做了較多研究。本文詳細(xì)介紹了激光選區(qū)燒結(jié)（SLS）技術(shù)中復(fù)合粉體的兩種主要制備方法：一種是通過機(jī)械混合法將陶瓷粉體與高分子聚合物機(jī)械混合制得SLS成型用復(fù)合粉體；另一種是通過溶解沉淀法或溶劑蒸發(fā)法將高分子聚合物包覆在陶瓷顆粒表面制得復(fù)合粉體。研究表明，采用上述兩種制粉方法均可制備出具有良好流動(dòng)性的適于3D打印的復(fù)合陶瓷粉體。本文還系統(tǒng)地討論了SLS素坯的成型機(jī)理以及預(yù)熱溫度、激光功率和單層厚度等SLS工藝參數(shù)對(duì)陶瓷素坯的力學(xué)性能和成型精度的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，采用最佳SLS工藝參數(shù)制備出傳統(tǒng)成型工藝難以成型的具有三維孔洞結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔堇青石和高嶺土陶瓷零部件。此外，結(jié)合SLS工藝與冷等靜壓（CIP）技術(shù)提出了SLS/CIP復(fù)合成型技術(shù)，提高了SLS成型陶瓷的致密度和力學(xué)性能，制備出高性能、復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的Al2O3、ZrO2、SiC等致密陶瓷零部件，為采用3D打印技術(shù)制備航空航天、國(guó)防等領(lǐng)域用高性能陶瓷零部件打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

Abstract:

Compared with traditional technologies, 3D printing technology has shown great advantages in direct formation of metal and polymer parts with complex shapes. However, there are many problems in the preparation of ceramic parts via 3D printing. In this respect, lots of researches have been done by Prof. Shi Yu-Sheng’s group in Huazhong University of Science and Technology on the preparation of different ceramic materials used for 3D printing technology and related forming methods. In this review, two main methods to prepare composite powders used in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were detailed introduced: (1) mechanical mixing method, by which ceramic powders and polymer were directly mixed; (2) dissolution-precipitation process or solvent evaporation method, by which the ceramic powders were coated with polymer. The results showed that both two preparation methods mentioned above were suitable to prepare ceramic-polymer composite powders with good fluidity for 3D printing technology. Furthermore, the forming mechanisms of SLS and the effects of SLS process parameters, including preheating temperature, laser power, layer thickness and so on, on mechanical properties and manufacturing accuracy of ceramic green parts were systematically discussed. On the basis of above results, porous cordierite and kaolin ceramics with three dimensional pore structures, which were difficult to be fabricated by the conventional forming technologies, were manufactured by SLS technology with optimized process parameters. In addition, to improve the density and mechanical properties of SLSed ceramic parts, a hybrid technology named SLS/Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) was proposed by introducing the CIP technology into the field of SLS, and dense Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiC ceramic parts with high performance and complex structure were prepared through this hybrid technology. The results indicated that SLS and SLS/CIP technologies could be the promising routes to prepare high-performance ceramic components used in the fields of aerospace, national defense, etc.