文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress of Environmental Materials on Solidification and Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Soil

作者:

黃占斌; 李昉澤

中國礦業(yè)大學(北京)化學與環(huán)境工程學院

Author(s):

Huang Zhanbin;  Li Fangze

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing

關(guān)鍵詞:

環(huán)境材料; 重金屬; 固化穩(wěn)定化（S/S）; 效應機理; 研究進展

Keywords:

Environmental materials;  Heavy metal;  Solidification and Stabilization(S/S);  Effect mechanism;  Research progress

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2017.11.05

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

固化穩(wěn)定化是土壤重金屬污染治理的主要技術(shù)之一，固化材料的環(huán)境材料理念加強尤為重要。環(huán)境材料是具有最低環(huán)境負荷和最大使用功能的人類所需材料，具有功能性、環(huán)境友好性和經(jīng)濟型特征。我國農(nóng)田土壤重金屬點位污染達到19.1%；治理途徑有物理技術(shù)、化學技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)和工程技術(shù)；化學技術(shù)有淋洗和固化穩(wěn)定化（S/S）技術(shù)，實際應用中70%以上土壤重金屬污染治理技術(shù)選擇后者；固化穩(wěn)定化的環(huán)境材料的類別可分為無機材料、有機材料和氧化還原材料；環(huán)境材料的應用應結(jié)合重金屬類別及其污染程度、修復目標和當?shù)氐耐寥馈�氣候和社會�?jīng)濟條件等因素進行選擇，并與生物技術(shù)和工程技術(shù)等集成；結(jié)合國內(nèi)外的土壤重金屬固化穩(wěn)定化的研究進展，總結(jié)土壤重金屬污染治理的環(huán)境材料作用機理，主要包括沉淀作用、吸附作用、配位作用、有機絡合和氧化還原作用等方式，改變重金屬在土壤中的賦存形態(tài)和化學形態(tài)，降低其遷移性和生物有效性；圍繞土壤重金屬固化穩(wěn)定化研究的系統(tǒng)化，提出土壤重金屬污染治理的應用基礎研究框架，包括材料與重金屬，材料-土壤-重金屬，材料-土壤-植物-重金屬，材料-田間-作物-重金屬，以及重金屬治理的綜合評價等五個層次，這是促進環(huán)境材料基礎與應用研究結(jié)合的基礎。

Abstract:

Solidification and Stabilization (S/S) is one of main technologies on the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil, to strengthen the concept of environmental materials is more important in research and development of stabilization materials. Environmental materials are essential for human beings with the lowest environmental load and the highest functional capacity, the materials have three areas of characteristics, such as functional, environmentally friendly and economical. The point pollution of heavy metals in farmland soil in our country reached 19.1%. There are a lot of treatment options which include physical technology, chemical technology, biotechnology and engineering technology. Chemical technology consists of leaching and stabilization and more than 70% applied technology of the soil heavy metal pollution control was choosing the latter. The types of environmental materials for solidification and stabilization can be classified into inorganic materials, organic materials and redox materials. The application of environmental materials should be adopted according to the combination of influencing factors such as the category of heavy metals and their pollution levels, remediation targets, local soil quality, climate and socio-economic conditions, and integrated with biotechnology and engineering technology. This paper combines the research progress of soil heavy metal mobilization stabilization at home and abroad, summarizes the mechanism of environmental material activity for soil heavy metal pollution control, which mainly includes precipitation, adsorption, coordination, organic complexation and redox reaction, etc.. By above reaction process, it will change the existing and chemical form of heavy metals in soil, reduces their migration and bioavailability. This article puts forward the basic research framework of soil heavy metal pollution control based on the systematization of study on Mobilization and Stabilization of Heavy Metals in soils. It includes five aspects which are materials and heavy metals, materials - soil - heavy metals, materials - soil - plant - heavy metals, materials - field - crop - heavy metals, as well as the comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal management. This is the basis for the combination of promoting the basic research and application research of environmental materials.