文章信息/Info

Title:

Review on Desert Water Science Materials

作者:

張增志; 杜紅梅; 渠永平

（中國礦業大學（北京）生態功能材料研究所，北京 100083）

Author(s):

ZHANG Zengzhi;  DU Hongmei;  QU Yongping

（Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Material, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China）

關鍵詞:

沙漠水科學材料; 植被恢復; 微水灌溉; 水分子滲灌材料; 仿生凝露材料; 結皮生物材料; 傳水動力學

Keywords:

desert water science materials;  revegetation;  micro irrigation;  infiltration irrigation materials;  biomimetic dew condensation material;  biological soil crusts;  water transmitting kinetics

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2018.02.01

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

沙漠化地區的生態恢復是一個世界性難題，植被恢復是最可持續的方法，但植被恢復面臨著科學用水的挑戰，而科學用水最有效的方法是引入新材料技術。本文綜合分析了近年來出現的水科學材料的原理和特點，包括結構型微水灌溉技術的界面結構輸水機理及水滴形成原理、自調節土壤濕度水分子滲灌材料結構自微動態原理及傳水動力學、仿生凝露材料初步的科學分析及仿生結構試驗、沙表結皮生物材料的儲水原理和特點，結合沙漠水資源特點推測了沙漠水科學材料未來的研究領域和特征，提出了“智能灌溉”和“無水灌溉”的新材料技術將是未來發展的主導方向。

Abstract:

Ecological restoration in desert area is a world problem. Vegetation restoration is one of the most sustainable methods, however it faces the challenge of scientific water utilization. The most effective way to solve this problem is the use of new material technology. This paper analyzes the principles and characteristics of water science materials in recent years, mainly including four contents. Firstly, the interface water-transport mechanism and water drop formation of the structural micro-irrigation technique were studied. Secondly, the dynamic and water-transmitting kinetics of the self-adjusting were discussed. Thirdly, the scientific analysis and fog-collection tests of the biomimetic dew condensation material were studied. And finally, the water storage principle and characteristics of the biological soil crusts were analyzed. Combined with the properties of water resources in desert, the future research fields and potential characteristics of the desert water science materials were predicted, and the viewpoint of “intelligent irrigation” and “in-situ water collection” would be two important leading trends in the future was proposed.