文章信息/Info

Title:

Nanostructuring and Alloying of Si-based Anode Materials

作者:

曲曉雷; 蒲凱超; 高明霞; 劉永鋒; 潘洪革

(浙江大學材料科學與工程學院，硅材料國家重點實驗室，浙江省電池新材料與應用技術研究重點實驗室

Author(s):

Qu Xiaolei;  Pu Kaichao;  Gao Mingxia;  Liu Yongfeng and Pan Hongge

School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University

關鍵詞:

鋰離子電池; 負極材料; Si基材料; 納米化; 合金化

Keywords:

Li-ion battery;  anode;  Si-based materials;  nanostructuring;  alloying

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2018.04.02

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

Si作為一種新型鋰離子電池負極材料，具有理論比容量高、來源豐富、成本低廉、安全性能好等優點，近年來備受關注。但其在充放電過程中巨大的體積變化使得材料粉化嚴重，導致循環過程中容量迅速衰退，難以滿足實用化的需求。納米化和合金化是改善Si負極材料的有效途徑，納米化能夠有效緩解材料嵌脫鋰過程中體積變化所造成的機械應力，縮短鋰離子的遷移距離，從而明顯改善Si基材料的電化學循環穩定性能；合金化可以減小材料在脫嵌鋰過程的體積變化率，提高材料的電導率，也可以延長Si基材料的循環壽命，此外，Si合金的振實密度高，制備工藝簡單，有利于規模化應用。本文簡要綜述了最近5年在Si基鋰離子電池負極材料的納米化和合金化方面的研究進展，重點關注了不同納米結構和合金化方法對其電化學儲鋰容量、倍率性能和循環穩定性能的影響。

Abstract:

As a new-type anode material of Lithium-ion batteries, silicon (Si) has attracted much attention in recent years, due to its high theoretical capacity, abundance on earth, low cost and good safety. However, the huge volume change during charge/discharge process induces severe pulverization and fast capacity fading, which prevents Si-based anode from practical applications. Nanostructuring and alloying are effective approaches to improve the electrochemical performance of Si-based anode materials. Nanostructure can help release the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion, and shorten migration distance of Li-ion, consequently improving the electrochemical stability of Si. Alloying can reduce the volume change rate of Si-based materials during charge/discharge, and enhance the conductivity, which also extends the lifetime of Si anode. Furthermore, the preparation process of Si-based alloys with high tap density is simple and scalable for mass production. In this paper, the development of Si nanostructures and alloys in recent 5 years is briefly summarized by focusing on their effects on electrochemical capacity, rate performance and cycling stability.