文章信息/Info

Title:

Structure and Properties of Melanin and Its Application in Nanocomposites

作者:

汪   洋; 東為富

(江南大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料工程學(xué)院，江蘇 無錫 214122)

Author(s):

WANG Yang;  DONG Weifu

(School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China)

關(guān)鍵詞:

黑色素; 聚多巴胺; 表面改性; 機(jī)理; 復(fù)合材料

Keywords:

melanin;  polydopamine;  surface modification;  mechanism;  composites

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2019.05.08

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

黑色素是結(jié)構(gòu)單元中含有酚羥基、氨基和亞氨基的一類大分子，其主要成分為聚多巴胺，具有光保護(hù)、捕獲自由基以及光熱轉(zhuǎn)換等功能，且擁有極強(qiáng)的粘附性，可以粘附在幾乎一切材料表面。同時，黑色素中活性基團(tuán)可作為活性位點與目標(biāo)分子反應(yīng)，因此較易實現(xiàn)對基材的表面修飾。黑色素可分為天然黑色素和人工合成類黑色素，天然黑色素可從動植物中提取，類黑色素由生物發(fā)酵或化學(xué)合成獲得。雖然它們的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異，但它們具有類似的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。從黑色素的結(jié)構(gòu)、合成及形成機(jī)制、性質(zhì)以及在納米復(fù)合材料中的應(yīng)用等方面進(jìn)行了綜述。

Abstract:

Melanin, a well-known macromolecule that is widely distributed in many parts of nature. Polydopamine is also a major pigment of naturally occurring melanin (eumelanin). As a kind of macromolecule containing a constitutional unit with catechol, amine, and imine. Melanin can scavenge radical, absorb ultraviolet rays and exhibits excellent photo�瞤rotective, adhesive properties, and photothermal conversion ability. Various substrates could be successfully functionalized with melanin. The functional groups on melanin can serve as both the starting points for covalent modification with desired molecules, so it is easy to modify the surface of diverse materials. There are two methods to prepare melanin models: natural melanin model and synthetic melanin�瞝ike model. The natural melanin model has been obtained from a biological source. The synthetic melanin�瞝ike model is obtained by chemical oxidation of dopamine or enzymatic oxidation of precursor molecules. Both natural melanin and melanin�瞝ike pigment show similar physical and chemical properties. In this paper, the structure and the mechanism of melanin formation, and the application of melanin in composites material are reviewed.