文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress of Thermal Battery Separator

文章編號:

1674-3962(2020)10-0763-06

作者:

李惠琴1; 趙嘉莘1; 黃馨銳1; 曾夢詩1; 劉敬松1; 楊瀟薇2; 楊兆堂2; 劉效疆2

（1.西南科技大學材料科學與工程學院，四川 綿陽 621000）（2.中國工程物理研究院 電子工程研究所，四川 綿陽 621000）

Author(s):

LI Huiqin1; ZHAO Jiaxin1; HUANG Xinrui1; ZENG Mengshi1; LIU Jingsong1;  YANG Xiaowei2; YANG Zhaotang2; LIU Xiaojiang2

(1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology，Mianyang 621000，China) (2. Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621000，China)

關鍵詞:

熱電池; 隔膜材料; 熔鹽電解質; 粘結劑; 混合工藝

Keywords:

thermal battery;  separator materials;  molten salt electrolyte;  binder;  mixed process

分類號:

TM915

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202006003

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

熱電池常被用于核武器、導彈和火炮等現代化軍事武器的一次性儲備電源，其隔膜材料由熔鹽電解質與粘結劑組成，作用是在常溫的貯存狀態下,分隔電池的陰極與陽極（防止自放電現象產生）；在高溫（350～550 ℃）工作狀態下,受電池內部的加熱系統激活,不導電的固體熔鹽電解質發生熔融,以離子導電的方式連接電極。其中，熔鹽電解質在熱電池工作溫度區間內處于液態（吸熱導致熔融），而粘結劑始終保持為固態以便吸附液態熔鹽,起抑制電解質流動的作用,用以保證熱電池的正常運行。數10年來，相關科研工作者始終在追求熔鹽電解質低熔點和高電導率、粘結劑高穩定性和高比表面積的道路上不斷探索,以延長熱電池的壽命,減少粘結劑的添加量,降低熱電池內阻,提升電池相關的電學性能,從而使熱電池向高性能、小型化趨勢發展。概述了近年來熱電池隔膜材料的發展歷程，分別從熔鹽電解質、粘結劑以及隔膜材料的混合工藝3個方面展開介紹。最后,根據研究進展和實際應用需求，對熱電池隔膜材料的未來進行了展望。

Abstract:

Thermal batteries are often used as a one-time reserve power source for modern military weapons such as nuclear weapons, missiles and artillery. The separator material of the thermal battery is composed of molten salt electrolyte and binder. It is used to separate the cathode and anode of the battery under normal temperature storage conditions (to prevent self-discharge). Under the working condition of high temperature (350～550 ℃), activated by the heating system inside the battery, the non-conductive solid molten salt electrolyte melts, and the electrodes are connected by ion conduction. Among them, the molten salt electrolyte is in a liquid state within the operating temperature range of the thermal battery (endotherm causes melting), and the binder is always kept in a solid state to adsorb the liquid molten salt, which plays a role in inhibiting the flow of the electrolyte to ensure the normal operation of the thermal battery. For decades, related researchers have been exploring the molten salt electrolyte with low melting point and high electrical conductivity, as well as the binder with high stability and high specific surface area, to extend the life of the thermal battery and reduce the binder amount. Lessening the binder can reduce the internal resistance of the thermal battery and improve the electrical performance of the battery, thereby making the thermal battery develop to the trend of high performance and miniaturization. This article outlines the development of separator materials of thermal batteries in the past years, and introduces from three aspects of the mixed process of molten salt electrolyte, binder and separator material. Finally, according to the research progress and actual application requirements, the future of thermal battery separator materials is prospected.