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j.issn.1674-3962.202012022]
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三維X射線衍射技術與工程材料研究()

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中國材料進展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:: 40
期數:: 2021年第02期

頁碼:: 081-89

欄目:

出版日期:: 2021-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:: Three-Dimensional X-ray Diffraction Technique for the Study of Engineering Materials

文章編號:: 16743962(2021)02008109

作者:: 王樂耘; 朱高明; （上海交通大學材料科學與工程學院輕合金精密成型國家工程研究中心，上海 200240）

Author(s):: WANG Leyun; ZHU Gaoming; (National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming，School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China)

關鍵詞:: 同步輻射; 三維X射線衍射; 工程材料; 原位實驗; 晶體取向

Keywords:: synchrotron radiation; three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD); engineering materials; in-situ experiment; crystal orientation

分類號:: O434.19

DOI:: 10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202012022

文獻標志碼:: A

摘要:: 第三代同步輻射光源可以產生高能X射線，實現對使役條件下工程材料內部晶體結構的原位無損表征。三維X射線衍射（3DXRD）是一種基于同步輻射技術的新興表征技術，其采用單色高能硬X射線對多晶材料沿不同方向采集衍射信號，得到材料內部晶粒的晶體取向、空間位置、晶內局部應力張量等信息。當結合原位實驗對材料進行3DXRD分析時，可以得到各晶粒狀態的動態演化。該技術已經在歐洲的ESRF光源、美國的APS光源、日本的SPring-8光源以及德國的DESY光源等的衍射線站應用并向用戶開放。綜述了3DXRD技術的基本原理及其在工程材料研究中的應用案例，包括測量材料內部晶粒取向的演化、晶粒尺度應力測量、六方晶系材料變形機制研究、材料失效過程研究、晶體塑性有限元模型的驗證等。最后基于3DXRD技術的現狀，對其發展方向進行了展望。

Abstract:: The third-generation synchrotron radiation source can generate high-energy X-rays to realize in-situ non-destructive characterization of the internal crystal structure of engineering materials under service conditions. As an emerging characterization technique based on synchrotron radiation, three-dimensional Xray diffraction (3DXRD) technique uses monochromatic high-energy hard X-rays to collect diffraction signals along different directions from polycrystalline materials to obtain the crystal orientation, spatial position, and local stress tensor of the grains inside the material. When the 3DXRD technique is combined with in-situ experiments, the dynamic evolution of the state of each crystal grain can be obtained. This technique has been successfully implemented in synchrotron radiation facilities such as ESRF in Europe, APS in the United States, SPring8 in Japan and DESY in Germany. This article reviews the working principles of 3DXRD and its applications in engineering materials research, including measuring the evolution of grain orientation in materials, measuring grain-scale stress, studying the deformation mechanisms of hexagonal materials, understanding material failure, and verification of crystal plasticity finite element models. Finally, based on the status of 3DXRD, its development direction is envisioned.

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備注/Memo

備注/Memo:: 收稿日期：20201217 基金項目：國家自然科學基金面上項目（51671127）第一作者：王樂耘，男，1985年生，研究員，博士生導師， Email:leyunwang@sjtu.edu.cn

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