文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress and Application Prospects of Total-and Multi-Nitrogen Energetic Compounds

文章編號:

1674-3962(2022)02-0098-10

作者:

郎晴; 許元剛; 林秋漢; 王鵬程; 陸明

（南京理工大學化學與化工學院，江蘇 南京 210094）

Author(s):

LANG Qing;  XU Yuangang;  LIN Qiuhan;  WANG Pengcheng;  LU Ming

（School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

關鍵詞:

含能材料; 全氮化合物; 多氮雜環; 五唑陰離子; 高能量密度材料

Keywords:

energetic materials;  total-nitrogen compounds;  multi-nitrogen heterocycle;  cyclo-N5-;  high-energy-density materials

分類號:

TQ560.1

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202107014

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

含能材料是用作混合炸藥、發射藥、推進劑和火工品的高能量組分的化合物，是武器發射、推進和毀傷的能源。為了滿足日益增長的先進武器等方面需求，近幾十年來，全氮與多氮雜環含能化合物因高氮含量和高生成熱成為了研究熱點。現代含能化合物不僅應具有更高的能量密度，更要兼顧低感度與良好的熱穩定性。全氮化合物由于其獨特的分子組成和結構一直備受關注，而五唑陰離子（cyclo�睳5-）的成功合成進一步推動了全氮含能化合物的發展。主要從氮原子簇化合物、離子型全氮化合物、聚合氮3個方面簡述了全氮含能化合物的研究進展和存在的主要問題，重點綜述了五唑陰離子的合成，以及金屬與非金屬五唑衍生物的相關研究成果。在多氮含能材料方面，概述了氮含量高于80%的高氮化合物的研究進展，包括二元碳氮共價化合物、二元碳氮陰離子和四唑類含能化合物。并分析了全氮多氮含能化合物未來的研究方向和應用前景。

Abstract:

Energetic materials are used as high-energy components for mixing explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics, and are the energy sources for weapon launch, propulsion and damage. The wide application of energetic materials in the military and civilian fields promotes its continuous development. In order to meet the increasing demand, total�瞡itrogen and multi-nitrogen heterocyclic energetic compounds have become a research hotspot in recent decades, due to the high nitrogen content and high formation heat. Modern energetic compounds are designed not only in pursuit of excellent detonation performance but also for low sensitivity and good thermal stability. Total�瞡itrogen compounds have always been noted for their unique molecular composition and structure, and the successful synthesis of pentazole anion (cyclo-N5-) has promoted the development of total-nitrogen energetic compounds. This article briefly describes the research progress and main problems of total-nitrogen energetic compounds from three aspects: poly nitrogen compounds, ionic total-nitrogen compounds, and polymeric nitrogen. Among them, the focus is on the synthesis of pentazole anions, and reported metal and non-metal cyclo-N5- derivatives. Moreover, this article also summarizes the research progress of high-nitrogen compounds with nitrogen content higher than 80%, including binary CN covalent compounds, binary CN anions and tetrazole energetic compounds. Finally, their future research directions and application prospect of total-nitrogen and multi-nitrogen energetic materials are also analyzed.