文章信息/Info

Title:

Main Defects and Control Methods of Aluminum Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2021)04-0267-08

作者:

張雙雷; 王建宏; 李曉峰; 丁芳; 楊玉榮; 閆浩;  張錦芳; 劉斌; 白培康

(中北大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，山西 太原 030051)

Author(s):

ZHANG Shuanglei; WANG Jianhong; LI Xiaofeng; DING Fang; YANG Yurong;  YAN Hao; ZHANG Jinfang; LIU Bin; BAI Peikang

(School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China)

關(guān)鍵詞:

鋁合金; 選區(qū)激光熔化; 熱裂紋; 孔隙; 微合金化

Keywords:

aluminum alloy;  selective laser melting;  hot crack;  pores;  microalloying

分類號(hào):

TG146.21

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202012018

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

高性能鋁合金因輕質(zhì)、高強(qiáng)、耐腐蝕等特點(diǎn)，在航空航天、車輛工程和海洋工程等領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用前景廣闊。然而，隨著鋁合金零部件形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)越來越復(fù)雜，傳統(tǒng)成形方式難以滿足需求。選區(qū)激光熔化（SLM）技術(shù)具有一體化成形復(fù)雜形狀和精密零件的能力，因此在鋁合金成形方面具有極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α５�是，鋁合金具有寬的結(jié)晶溫度區(qū)間、高的激光反射率和熱導(dǎo)率等特性，在SLM成形過程中易產(chǎn)生缺陷，從而使成形件的力學(xué)性能下降。近年來，為解決此問題，研究者們做了眾多工作并取得了一定的進(jìn)展。基于此，介紹了SLM成形鋁合金存在的主要缺陷及其成形機(jī)理。從工藝優(yōu)化與微合金化兩個(gè)角度出發(fā)，總結(jié)了不同牌號(hào)鋁合金的SLM成形缺陷的調(diào)控方法，并對(duì)SLM成形鋁合金的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與展望。

Abstract:

High-performance aluminum alloys have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering, and ocean engineering due to its light weight, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, as the shapes and structures of aluminum alloy parts become more and more complex, traditional forming processes are difficult to meet the demand. Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is in capability of integrated forming of complex shapes and precision parts. Therefore, SLM technology has great development potentials in aluminum alloy forming. However, due to its wide crystallization and solidification range, high laser reflectivity and high thermal conductivity, aluminum alloy is prone to generate defects during SLM forming process. It would result in a decline in mechanical properties of aluminum alloy parts. In order to solve these problems, researchers have done a lot of work and made some progress in recent years. Based on this, the main defects and their forming mechanism of SLM-ed aluminum alloys in the current studies were introduced. Control methods for defects in SLM-ed aluminum alloy from the perspectives of process optimization and microalloying were reported. And, the development of SLM-ed aluminum alloy was prospected.