文章信息/Info

Title:

Preparation and Absorption Performance of Carbonized Kapok Fibers

文章編號:

1674-3962(2025)08-0761-09

作者:

郭威; 李毓陵; 李光

1．東華大學材料科學與工程學院，上海 201620 2．東華大學紡織科學與工程學院，上海 201620

Author(s):

Guo wei;  Li Yu ling;  Li Guang

1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China 2. College of Textile Science and Engineering，Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

關鍵詞:

木棉基碳纖維; 吸波劑; 復合材料; 反射損耗; 吸波機理

Keywords:

carbonized kapok fibers;  microwave absorbent;  composites;  reflection loss; microwave absorbing mechanism

分類號:

TB34

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202309025

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

以具有中空結構的天然木棉纖維為碳前驅體，采用直接碳化法制得木棉基碳纖維，并將其作為吸波劑制備吸波復合材料。通過對比具有中空結構的木棉基碳纖維和實心結構棉花基碳纖維作為吸波劑時復合材料的吸波性能，證明了含有中空結構的碳纖維能增強對電磁波的衰減；以在不同碳化溫度下制得的木棉基碳纖維為吸波劑，以不同添加量與石蠟復合制得復合材料，發現用碳化溫度為1000 ℃制備的木棉基碳纖維作為吸波劑，質量分數為7%、吸波復合材料厚度2 mm時，復合材料表現出優良的吸波性能：最低反射損耗達-32.7 dB，有效頻帶寬度達5.1 GHz。木棉基碳纖維不但依靠其中實體碳通過介電損耗吸收電磁波，而且其中空結構引發了大量界面極化和干涉相消，實現多種機制共同衰減電磁波。木棉基碳纖維是一種有潛力的吸波劑，有望在拓寬吸波頻帶、吸波材料輕量化方面發揮作用。

Abstract:

Natural kapok fibers with hollow structures were employed as carbon precursors, and carbonized kapok fibers (CKF) were prepared through a direct carbonization method. These CKF were subsequently utilized as absorbents to fabricate absorbent composites, simultaneously comparing the absorbent performance of composites containing hollow-structured CKF and solid�瞫tructured cotton-based carbon fibers as absorbents. It was demonstrated that carbon fibers with hollow morphology enhance electromagnetic wave attenuation. Furthermore, the absorbent properties of composites filled with CKF carbonized at different temperatures under different mass fractions were investigated. When the CKF carbonized at 1000 ℃ was used, and with a 7wt% absorbent addition, composite plates with a thickness of 2 mm exhibited excellent absorbent performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of -32.7 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.1 GHz. CKFs not only rely on their solid carbon content for electromagnetic wave absorption through dielectric loss, but also benefit from the abundant interface polarization and interference cancellation induced by their hollow structure, enabling multiple mechanisms for electromagnetic wave attenuation. CKFs show significant potential as absorbents and are poised to play a role in expanding the absorption bandwidth and reducing the weight of absorbent materials.