文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress of Polymer Materials with Low Heat-Release Modulated via Chemical and Physical Routes

文章編號:

1674-3962(2024)08-0673-09

作者:

余榮華; 劉杰; 唐濤

中國科學院長春應用化學研究所 高分子物理與化學國家重點實驗室, 吉林 長春 130022

Author(s):

YU Ronghua;  LIU Jie;  TANG Tao

State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China

關鍵詞:

阻燃; 聚合物材料; 碳化反應; 炭層結構; 燃燒反應

Keywords:

flame retardant;  polymer materials;  carbonization reaction;  char layer structure;  combustion reaction

分類號:

O63; TQ323

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202312008

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

高分子材料在生活中廣泛應用，但其大部分由碳氫元素組成且易燃,具有潛在的火災危險性。降低高分子材料燃燒熱釋放是提高其火安全性的關鍵。高分子材料在高溫下產生的可揮發熱解產物擴散到氣相并和氧氣發生燃燒反應是放熱的根本原因。因此，控制可揮發熱解產物的生成量與擴散速度以及在氣相中的燃燒反應是降低高分子材料燃燒熱釋放的基本方法。介紹了作者團隊基于化學與物理途徑降低高分子材料燃燒熱釋放的研究進展，主要包括以下3種途徑：① 調控聚合物碳化反應，將降解產物盡可能固定在凝聚相區域，減少可燃揮發組分的釋放；② 采用不同策略對炭層結構進行優化，增強阻隔作用，抑制可燃組分的傳質和傳熱；③ 抑制氣相燃燒反應，降低燃燒效率。通過探索聚合物結構、殘炭炭層結構與熱釋放之間的內在關系，提出了熱分解機理和高質量炭層形成機制，為低熱釋放高分子材料的設計與開發提供新思路。

Abstract:

Polymer materials are widely used in life, but most of them are composed of hydrocarbon elements and are flammable, therefore has a potential fire hazard. Reducing the heat release of polymers combustion is the key to improve their fire safety. The exothermic heat release is fundamentally attributed to the diffusion of volatile pyrolysis products of polymers at elevated temperatures and subsequent combustion reactions with oxygen. Therefore, the primary method to reduce the heat release of polymer involves controlling the generation quantity of volatile pyrolysis products, modulating the diffusion rate, and managing the combustion reaction in the gas phase. This paper introduces the research progress of the author team on reducing the heat release of polymers combustion based on chemical and physical routes. These routes encompass three key strategies: ① regulating the carbonization reaction of polymers to immobilize degradation products within the condensed phase region, thereby reducing the release of combustible volatile components; ② optimizing the char layer structure through various methods to enhance the barrier effect and curtail the mass and heat transfer of combustible components; ③ inhibiting gas�瞤hase combustion reactions, thereby reducing combustion efficiency. The relationships between heat release and both the polymer structure and char layer structure are discussed, and the mechanisms of thermal decomposition and the formation of high�瞦uality char layer are elucidated. These findings may provide valuable insights for the development of low�瞙eat release polymer materials.