文章信息/Info

Title:

Methods for Reducing Heat Release of Polymeric Materials

文章編號:

1674-3962(2024)08-0682-14

作者:

王紫霓; 趙海波; 劉博文

四川大學化學學院 環保型高分子材料國家地方聯合工程實驗室 教育部環境與火安全高分子材料協同創新中心 環境友好高分子材料教育部工程研究中心，四川 成都 610064

Author(s):

WANG Zini;  ZHAO Haibo;  LIU Bowen

The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

關鍵詞:

高分子材料; 阻燃; 熱釋放; 阻燃方法; 阻燃機理

Keywords:

polymer materials;  flame retardancy;  heat release;  flame-retardant method;  flame-retardant mechanism

分類號:

TQ317

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202405013

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

與金屬材料和無機非金屬材料并列為三大類材料之一的有機高分子材料，廣泛應用于國民經濟和國防建設的各個領域。由于其有機化學結構，大多數高分子材料都具有易燃性，易被引燃導致火災事故，危害人們的生命健康和財產安全。評價高分子材料阻燃性更多地是著眼于是否難點燃、易自熄等，而材料一旦被點燃，材料的熱釋放特性則是直接決定燃燒會否發展為火災的重要因素。降低高分子材料燃燒時的熱釋放，可以延緩材料達到轟燃的時間，避免火災，或在火災發生前為人員逃生爭取更多的時間。重點介紹了降低高分子材料熱釋放的阻燃方法，其中包括“三源一體”膨脹炭化阻燃、有機/無機納米復合材料阻隔層阻燃、磷系阻燃、高溫自交聯/重排炭化阻燃等方法，進一步對該領域面臨的挑戰和未來發展趨勢進行了深入分析。

Abstract:

Organic polymeric materials, classified as one of the three major types of materials together with metal materials and inorganic non-metallic materials, are widely used in various fields of national economy and national defense construction. However, due to their organic chemical structure, most polymer materials are flammable and easily ignited, leading to fire accidents and jeopardizing people’s lives, health and property safety. Evaluation of flame�瞨etardant polymeric materials is mostly focused on whether it is difficult to ignite, easy to self-extinguish, etc., however, once ignited, the materials-heat release will directly determine whether it is easy to develop into a tragic fire disaster. Reducing the heat release of polymer materials during combustion can delay the time for the material to reach ignition, and provide more time for personnel escape. Here, this review focuses on the flame-retardant methods to reduce the heat release of polymeric materials, including “all-in-one”intumescent char-forming, organic/inorganic nanocomposites blocked layer, phosphorus based flame retardant and high-temperature char-forming based on self-crosslinking/rearrangement, and further in-depth discusses the challenges and the development trend of these methods in the future.