文章信息/Info

Title:

Design of High-Performance Magnesium Alloys by Tunning Microstructure

文章編號:

1674-3962(2025)08-0701-09

作者:

于銘迪; 應(yīng)韜; 王靜雅; 曾小勤

1.上海交通大學(xué) 輕合金精密成型國家工程研究中心，上海 200240 2.上海交通大學(xué) 金屬基復(fù)合材料全國重點實驗室，上海 200240

Author(s):

YU Mingdi;  YING Tao;  WANG Jingya;  ZENG Xiaoqin

1. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

鎂合金; 強韌化; 塑性變形; 腐蝕行為; 微結(jié)構(gòu)

Keywords:

magnesium alloys;  synergy of strength and ductility;  plastic deformation; corrosion behavior;  microstructure

分類號:

TG146.22

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202409018

文獻標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

作為最輕的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)材料，塊體高強鎂合金材料的抗拉強度已突破700 MPa，高塑性鎂合金的斷裂延伸率可達35%，在航空航天、電子通訊、國防裝備等領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的應(yīng)用前景。但是，鎂合金相較于普遍應(yīng)用的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)材料，如鋼鐵和鋁合金等，仍舊存在很大的力學(xué)性能差距。如何同時保持高強度和高塑性是鎂合金研究領(lǐng)域中的關(guān)鍵難題。此外，鎂合金也極易腐蝕，提高鎂合金強度通常會惡化耐蝕性能。如何兼具高強度與高耐蝕特性也是鎂合金研究領(lǐng)域面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。歸納總結(jié)了鎂合金復(fù)合強化、協(xié)同增塑及耐腐蝕行為的研究進展，重點介紹了基于微結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控的鎂合金強塑協(xié)同機制及高強耐蝕鎂合金設(shè)計原理。引入有效阻礙位錯運動的析出相、高密度晶界等微結(jié)構(gòu)能夠顯著提升鎂合金強度；促進鎂合金中多種類塑性變形載體參與變形是改善鎂合金塑性的關(guān)鍵途徑；抑制局部微電偶腐蝕、提高表面鈍化膜的保護性能夠有效提高鎂合金耐腐蝕性能。通過鎂合金中微結(jié)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)及設(shè)計有望突破鎂合金高強度、高塑性和良好耐蝕性能不可兼得的瓶頸。

Abstract:

As the lightest metallic structural material, the ultimate tensile strength of bulk high-strength magnesium (Mg) alloy has exceeded 700 MPa, and the elongation of high-ductility Mg alloys can be up to 35%, Mg alloys show excellent application prospects in aerospace, electronic communications,defence equipment and other fields. However, Mg alloys are still far away from the commonly applied metallic materials, such as steel and aluminium (Al) alloys, with a large gap in mechanical properties. How to maintain high strength and high ductility at the same time is a challenge in the field of Mg alloys. In addition, pure Mg and Mg alloys are also highly susceptible to corrosion, and increasing the strength of Mg alloys usually deteriorates the corrosion resistance. How to balance high strength and high corrosion resistance is also a major challenge of Mg alloys. This work summarizes the research progress of plastic deformation mechanisms and corrosion-resistant behaviours, and focuses on the synergistic mechanism of Mg alloys strength and ductility based on microstructure regulation and the design principle of high-strength-corrosion-resistant Mg alloys. The introduction of microstructures such as precipitated phases and high-density grain boundaries, which effectively impede dislocations motion, can significantly enhance the strength of Mg alloys; the promotion of multiple plastic deformation carriers in Mg alloys is a key method to improve the ductility of Mg alloys; and the suppression of local microelectrodynamic coupling corrosion and the protective property improvement of passive film can effectively improve the corrosion�瞨esistant properties of Mg alloys. The design of microstructures is expected to break through the bottleneck of Mg alloys with high strength, superior ductility and good corrosion resistance.