文章信息/Info

Title:

Pain Points, Potential Solutions and Scientific Challenges in the Development of Primary Magnesium Industry

文章編號:

1674-3962(2024)12-1053-10

作者:

單智偉; 楊博; 鄭芮; 王悅存; 方華靖; 劉博宇; 盧思穎; 楊唯一

西安交通大學材料科學與工程學院 金屬材料強度國家重點實驗室，陜西 西安 710049

Author(s):

SHAN Zhiwei;  YANG Bo;  ZHENG Rui;  WANG Yuecun;  FANG Huajing; LIU Boyu;  LU Siying;  YANG Weiyi

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

關鍵詞:

原鎂; 懸浮煅燒; 硅熱法還原; 宏量制備; 硅泥; 標準樣品

Keywords:

primary magnesium;  suspension calcination;  silicothermic reduction;  mass production;  silicon sludge;  reference sample

分類號:

TF822

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202412003

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

從21世紀初，中國就已成為世界第一大原鎂生產國和鎂錠出口國，但近年來我國的原鎂產業技術進步放緩、新技術匱乏，難以滿足國家日益收緊的節能環保政策要求，面臨著前所未有的生存困境。為推動我國原鎂工業可持續發展，亟需國家層面的政策引導與支持，加大研發資金的投入，吸引一批高水平的研究隊伍，發起新一輪的顛覆性技術革新。梳理了目前原鎂冶煉工藝中的一系列關鍵痛點問題：白云石煅燒能耗高、效率低，硅熱法宏量還原裝備缺乏，還原劑生產成本、能耗高，精煉工序效率低、環境惡劣，以及鎂錠成分檢測準確性不足等。通過深入剖析上述問題的起源，進而提出了相應的創新解決思路，包括研發白云石粉體的懸浮態高效煅燒工藝、墻式宏量還原系統、光伏固廢硅泥還原劑、全惰性氣氛保護下的壓力精煉技術及低含量純鎂標準樣品等，并凝練了其背后的高價值科學難題，描繪出一幅高效節能、綠色低碳的硅熱法煉鎂工藝新藍圖。

Abstract:

China has become the world’s largest primary magnesium producer and magnesium ingot exporter since the beginning of 21st century. However, in recent years, the technological progress of primary magnesium industry has slowed down and there has been a lack of new technologies, making it difficult to meet the country’s increasingly tightened energy conservation and environmental protection policies, and facing an unprecedented survival crisis. To promote the sustainable development of China’s primary magnesium industry, an increase in research and development funding is urgently needed from the state so as to attract high-level research teams and initiate novel and disruptive technological innovations. A series of key issues in existing primary magnesium production processes have been identified in this article, like low efficiency and high energy consumption of dolomite calcination, the lack of large-scale reduction equipment for the silicothermic process, high costs and energy consumption of reducing agents, low efficiency and poor environment of refining process and inaccurate composition detection of magnesium ingots. Through in-depth analysis of the origin of the above issues, corresponding innovative solutions are put forward, such as the high-efficiency suspension calcination process for dolomite powder, a wall-type large-scale reduction system, photovoltaic solid waste silicon sludge reducing agents, pressure refining technology under a fully inert atmosphere protection, and pure magnesium reference samples with low content, etc. It also highlights high�瞯alue scientific problems of these ideas and sketches a new blueprint for an efficient, energy-saving, green and low-carbon silicothermic magnesium smelting process.