文章信息/Info

Title:

Unique Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Multi-Principal Element High-Entropy Materials

文章編號:

1674-3962(2025)01-0111-12

作者:

李志明

1. 中南大學 材料科學與工程學院，湖南 長沙 410083 2. 中南大學 粉末冶金國家重點實驗室，湖南 長沙 410083

Author(s):

LI Zhiming

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University,Changsha 410083, China

關鍵詞:

高熵材料; 強韌化; 宏量間隙固溶; 雙向相變; 共生納米雙析; 高應力孿生

Keywords:

high-entropy materials;  strengthening and toughening;  massive interstitial solid solution;  bidirectional transformation;  symbiotic dual-nanoprecipitation;  high�瞫tress twinning

分類號:

TG139;TB383

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202412008

文獻標志碼:

A

摘要:

多主元高熵材料擁有幾乎無限的化學成分空間，其組織結構也可通過制備與加工工藝有效調控。因此，通過化學成分與組織結構的耦合設計，可有效協調多主元高熵材料中的各種強韌化機制，實現優異的綜合力學性能。除傳統單主元材料中的強韌化效應以外，多主元高熵材料還可具備獨特的強韌化機制，從而獲得更優的強度與塑韌性搭配。總結了多主元高熵材料相比于傳統單主元材料的多種獨特強韌化機制，包括宏量置換固溶與宏量間隙固溶、亞穩工程與雙向相變、共生納米雙析與多層級析出、高應力孿生、高密度層錯與遲滯馬氏體相變、納米非晶�捕嘀髟�高熵晶體復合機制等。闡述了上述機制對應的多主元高熵材料成分與結構設計依據和思路，分析了典型機制在具體材料中的微觀作用原理。進一步基于傳統單主元材料中的經典強韌化機制與多主元高熵材料的獨特性討論了其它可能的強韌化機制。最后，展望了多主元高熵材料基于廣闊成分與結構設計空間同時實現優異力學性能與其它功能特性方面的潛力，以有效發揮多主元高熵材料的獨特優勢和價值。

Abstract:

Multi-principal element high-entropy materials (MPE-HEMs) have practically infinite chemical composition space, and their microstructures can also be effectively controlled by synthesis and processing technologies. Therefore, through the coupling design of chemical composition and microstructure, various mechanisms can be effectively coordinated in MPE�睭EMs to achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition to the strengthening and toughening effects in traditional single-principal element materials, unique mechanisms can be activated in MPE-HEMs to obtain better combinations of strength and ductility/toughness. This overview paper summarizes a variety of unique strengthening and toughening mechanisms in MPE-HEMs, including massive substitutional and interstitial solid solution, metastable engineering and bidirectional transformation, symbiotic dual�瞡anoprecipitation and hierarchical nanoprecipitation, high-stress twinning, high-density stacking faulting and sluggish martensitic transformation, and nano�瞐morphous-crystalline high-entropy composite mechanisms. The principles and ideas for designing compositions and microstructures of MPE-HEMs to realize the above unique mechanisms are described, the microscopic fundamentals of the typical mechanisms in specific MPE-HEMs are also analyzed. Furthermore, based on the classical strengthening and toughening mechanisms in traditional single-principal element materials and the uniqueness of MPE-HEMs, other possible strengthening and toughening mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the potential of MPE-HEMs for simultaneously achieving excellent mechanical properties and other functional properties based on the large room of compositional and structural design are prospected, which suggests important ways to effectively exploit the unique advantages and values of MPE-HEMs.